Geographic diversity analysis for Kusama validators. Location data is collected via DHT queries and GeoIP lookups every 48 hours.
| Country | Validators | Percentage | Concentration Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | 158 | 14.88% | low |
| 🇺🇸 United States of America | 121 | 11.39% | low |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 114 | 10.73% | low |
| 🇫🇷 France | 102 | 9.6% | low |
| 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 92 | 8.66% | low |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | 84 | 7.91% | low |
| 🇨🇦 Canada | 61 | 5.74% | low |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | 49 | 4.61% | low |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | 47 | 4.43% | low |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | 46 | 4.33% | low |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | 43 | 4.05% | low |
| 🇸🇬 Singapore | 36 | 3.39% | low |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | 11 | 1.04% | low |
| 🇦🇺 Australia | 10 | 0.94% | low |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | 9 | 0.85% | low |
| 🇯🇵 Japan | 9 | 0.85% | low |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | 7 | 0.66% | low |
| 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | 6 | 0.56% | low |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | 6 | 0.56% | low |
| 🇨🇴 Colombia | 6 | 0.56% | low |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | 5 | 0.47% | low |
| 🇮🇳 India | 5 | 0.47% | low |
| 🇹🇷 Turkiye | 4 | 0.38% | low |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | 4 | 0.38% | low |
| 🇺🇦 Ukraine | 3 | 0.28% | low |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | 3 | 0.28% | low |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 3 | 0.28% | low |
| 🇧🇷 Brazil | 3 | 0.28% | low |
| 🇹🇭 Thailand | 2 | 0.19% | low |
| 🇵🇪 Peru | 2 | 0.19% | low |
| 🇲🇾 Malaysia | 2 | 0.19% | low |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | 2 | 0.19% | low |
| 🇨🇱 Chile | 2 | 0.19% | low |
| 🇷🇺 Russia | 1 | 0.09% | low |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | 1 | 0.09% | low |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | 1 | 0.09% | low |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 1 | 0.09% | low |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | 1 | 0.09% | low |
| Continent | Validators | Percentage | Concentration Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe | 797 | 75.05% | high |
| North America | 182 | 17.14% | low |
| Asia | 60 | 5.65% | low |
| South America | 13 | 1.22% | low |
| Oceania | 10 | 0.94% | low |
| Provider | ASN | Validators | Percentage | Concentration Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon.com, Inc. | 14618 | 222 | 32.17% | high |
| OVH SAS | 16276 | 116 | 16.81% | medium |
| Hetzner Online GmbH | 24940 | 71 | 10.29% | low |
| TeraSwitch Networks Inc. | 20326 | 47 | 6.81% | low |
| velia.net Internetdienste GmbH | 29066 | 34 | 4.93% | low |
| Datacamp Limited | 60068 | 28 | 4.06% | low |
| Init7 (Switzerland) Ltd. | 13030 | 26 | 3.77% | low |
| CKW Fiber Services AG | 198433 | 21 | 3.04% | low |
| MEVSPACE sp. z o.o. | 201814 | 11 | 1.59% | low |
| ReliableSite.Net LLC | 23470 | 10 | 1.45% | low |
| netcup GmbH | 197540 | 9 | 1.3% | low |
| Scaleway SAS | 12876 | 8 | 1.16% | low |
| Contabo GmbH | 51167 | 6 | 0.87% | low |
| UAB Cherry Servers | 204770 | 5 | 0.72% | low |
| Orange | 3215 | 5 | 0.72% | low |
| GorillaServers, Inc. | 53850 | 5 | 0.72% | low |
| Servers.com, Inc. | 7979 | 4 | 0.58% | low |
| DEFT.COM | 23352 | 4 | 0.58% | low |
| xTom | 4785 | 3 | 0.43% | low |
| velia.net | 30083 | 3 | 0.43% | low |
| Verizon Business | 701 | 3 | 0.43% | low |
| QuickHostUK Limited | 209243 | 3 | 0.43% | low |
| Leaseweb USA, Inc. | 30633 | 3 | 0.43% | low |
| Allnodes Inc | 395201 | 3 | 0.43% | low |
| Societe Francaise Du Radiotelephone - SFR SA | 15557 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| Shaw Communications | 6327 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| Rotko Networks | 142108 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| Rogers Communications Canada Inc. | 812 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| Phoenix Nap, LLC. | 60558 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| Limestone Networks, Inc. | 46475 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| Gigahost AS | 56655 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| Fornex Hosting S.L. | 44051 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| B2 Net Solutions Inc. | 55286 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| Aruba S.p.A. | 31034 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| AR TELECOM - Acessos e Redes de Telecomunicacoes, S.A. | 12926 | 2 | 0.29% | low |
| hosttech GmbH | 207143 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| VegasNAP, LLC | 53340 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Telekomunikasi Indonesia International HongKong Limited | 58944 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Seflow s.r.l. | 49367 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Scaleway S.a.s. | 12876 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| RouterHosting LLC | 14956 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Qavat AB | 51546 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Latitude.sh | 396356 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Korbank S. A. | 35179 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| JSC Selectel | 50340 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Intelesi LLC | 62259 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Innovation Harbor B.V. | 211588 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Hostkey B.v. | 57043 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Google Fiber Inc. | 16591 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Fusix Networks B.V. | 57866 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Alibaba US Technology Co., Ltd. | 45102 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| Airbeam S.r.l. | 50877 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
| AT&T Enterprises, LLC | 7018 | 1 | 0.14% | low |
Geographic diversity is critical for network resilience. High concentration in a single continent, country, or provider creates systemic risk - regulatory changes, natural disasters, or infrastructure outages could affect a significant portion of validators simultaneously.